Stopchiometry: Quantitative Chemistry

• Quantitative→ Numbers
• Stoichiometry is a branch of Chemistry that deals with the quantitative analysis of chemical reactions
• it is a generalization of mole conversions to chemical reactions.
• Understanding the 6 types of Chemical reactions is the base of Stoichiometry

The six types of reactions:

1. Synthesis Formation
2. Decomposition
3. Single Replacement (SR)
4. Double Replacement (DR)
5. Neutralization
6. Combustion

1. Synthesis Formation:

• A + B= AB
• Usually elements→Compounds
• 8 Fe + S₈ →8 FeS
• S + 3F2 →SF6
•  

2. Decomposition:

• AB= A+B
• Reverse of Synthesis
• 2 H₂O →2 H₂ + O₂
• 2N2O5 →O2+ 4NO2

3. Single Replacement:

• A+BC= B+ AC
• Zinc + hydrochloric acid →Zinc chloride + hydrogen 
  
• Zn + 2 HCl→ZnCl₂ + H₂ 
• Al + Fe2O3  → Al2O3 + 2 Fe

4. Double Replacement:

• AB+ CD= AD +BC
• NaCl + AgNO₃→NaNO₃ + AgCl
• NaNO₃ + KCl →NaCl + KNO₃

5. Neutralization:

• Reaction between an acid and a base
• Acid(H on the Left side) and a Base (Hydroxide OH→ except ammonia)
  HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H₂O 

• Acid		Base		Water		Salt
  HCl	+	NaOH	→	H2O	+	NaCl
  HBr	+	KOH	→	H2O	+	KBr

6. Combustion:

• Reactions of something ( usually hydrocarbon with air)
• Hydrocarbon Combustion always produces CO2 and H2O
• CH₄ + 2O₂→ CO₂ + 2 H₂O 
• C8H18+ 2O2 →8CO2 + 9 H2O