Functional Groups

 

• Alcohols, Halides,Ethers, and Keytones
• Organic Compounds can contain elements other than C and H, these are known as Functional Groups
• Carbon Chain without functional groups are written R-OH
• There are 9 different functional groups

1. Alcohols         
2. Ketones                       
3. Amines            
4. Halides           
5. Carboxylic Acids         
6. Amides       
7. Aldehydes      
8. Esthers                         
9. Esters

I) Alcohols

• is a hydrocarbon with a -OH bonded to it
• Parent ends with -ol
• Ie: 2 methyl 3 pentaol, 2 ethyl 2,3 dimethyl 1 butanol
•  If there is more than 1 -OH bonded, ending becomes (-diol,triol.tec)
• IE. 1 2 Ethandiol

II) Halides

• Groups 7 [F CL Br I ] 
• Floro/Chloro/Bromo/Ido
• IE) 4 ethyl 2 methyl 1 bromo cyclohexane

III) Keytones

• a double bonded oxygen
• add -one to ending

IV) Aldehydes

• doubled bonded oxygen
• add -al to ending
• simplest form is "Formaldehyde"

Methanol= "Formaldehyde"

V) Carboxylic Acids

• Change the parent chain to -oic acid
• Simplest form  Methanoic Acid

 VI) Ethers

• Oxygen group connected to two alkyl
• 2 carbon chains connected by O2
• Names the smallest 1st
• Name the 2nd alkyl followed by the ether
• Dimethyl Ether