Naming Compounds

This section will cover how to name  Ions, Binary Ions, Polyatomic ions, Molecular Compounds, Hydrates,  Bases and acids.

1) Chemical Nomenclature

• Today's most common system for chemicals is IUPAC 
• IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

2) Chemical Formulas

     This section will be easier if you know the differences between Ions and a compounds formulas

Ex. 

       

This is an Atom of Calcium

This is a Ion of Calcium
(Notice how the electrons from the valence shell are removed, This is why the 2+ is at the top corner)





(Cat-ions are positive)
(An-ions are negative)

3) Multivalent Ions:

• Some elements can form  more than one ion. For example:   Nickel (Ni2+) or (Ni3+)
• The top numbers on the periodic table are more common. For example (Ni2+) is more common than (Ni3+)
• IUPAC uses roman numerals in parenthesis to show the charge. For example: Nickel (II) or Nickel (III)

4) Classical

• IE (old) systems use Latin names of elements and the suffixes -ic (larger Charge) and - ous (smaller Charge)
• Some examples are:

1)Sodium ( Na) Natrium
2)Potassium (K) Kalium
3)Iron (Fe) Ferrum
4)Copper (Cu) Cuprum
5)Tungsten (W) Wolfram
6)Mercury (Hg) Hydragyrum 

7)Gold (Au) Aurum 

8)Lead (Pb) Plumbum 

9)Tin (Sn) Stannum 

10)Silver (Ag) Argentum 

11)Antimony (Sb) Stibium

5) Complex Ions

• Complex ions are larger groups of atoms that stay together during a chemical reaction
• Almost all are anions
• Write the metal name and then the polyatomic ions’ name.
• The numbers of ligands in a complex are specified using the Greek prefixes:

1. di for 2
2. tri for 3
3. tetra for 4
4. penta for 5
5. hexa for 6

Examples:

• [Cu(H2O)6]2+ is called the hexaaquacopper(II) ion.
• CuCl42-   is called tetrachlorocuprate (II) ion.


6) Hydrates

• Some compounds can form latticess that bond to water molecules.
• For example Cooper Sulphate or Sodium Sulphate.
• These crystals contain ater inside them which can be released by heating.
• “Anhydrates” is removing the water.
• So the compound is often preceded by “Anhydrates”
• To name Hydrates:

1. Write the name of chemical Formulas
2. Add a prefix indicating the number of water molecules (mono =1,di=2, tri=3)
3. Add hydrate after prefix 

7) Acids:

• Hydrogen compounds are acids
• For example: HCl (aq) = Hyrdochloric Acid
• Another example: H2SO4 (aq) = Sulphuric Acid
• Hydrogen appears first in the formula unless it is part of a polyatomic group.
• For example: CH3COOH = Acetic Acid

8) Bases:

• Corrosive ('burns' your skin)
• Has a pH more than 7
• Turns red litmus paper to a blue colour
• Many alkalis (soluble bases) contain hydroxyl ions (OH-)
• Reacts with acids to form salt and water